After each interview, the interviewer made field notes and this information was used to describe how each interview was conducted and to note issues or comments not sufficiently captured by audio recordings. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and the transcripts were checked against the audio recordings. To ensure anonymity, names, place of work, or any other identifying information was removed, and a unique code number was assigned to each transcript. Analysis of data was undertaken by the research team via a staged process to ensure reliability. In the first instance, transcripts were read after each interview to inform further interview questions in order to enable continuous comparison of new and previous interview content.

The Medicines Transparency Alliance (MeTA) was established in 2008 as a response to this. MeTA is premised on the idea that making information about medicine supply chains available for analysis by major stakeholder groups will lead to an improved understanding of the problems. This in turn will foster a greater incentive to pioneer change, greater responsibility and accountability upon those needed to instigate change and will lead to increased access to medicines for the most vulnerable sectors of society. In order to achieve its overall goal, MeTA pursued three key objectives; to better inform pharmaceutical policies, to improve practice and to enable multi-stakeholder participation [3]. MeTA sought to improve the access, availability and affordability of medicines for seven countries where access is currently limited (Ghana, Jordan, Kyrgyzstan, Peru, the Philippines, Uganda and Zambia).

Contribution of women entrepreneurs in the MSME landscape of Bangladesh

This is a problem for dialogue

system designers, who cannot rely on large pre-trained models. The aim

of our challenge is to develop natural language generation (NLG) models

which can be quickly adapted to a new domain given a few goal-oriented

dialogues from that domain. Meta has been working as a digital storefront for these businesses where they get to display their products and increase their visibility. Ridma Khan added with Diya that due to Meta’s platform, women got the opportunity to work from home which eased the challenges that come with running a business tremendously. They believe there are still talented women across the nation who are not able to display them due to a lack of digital knowledge.

Indeed, this resonates with views from a recent CSO meeting, where, “relative stakeholder strength, local cultural issues (e.g. history of democratic process) and agenda setting/threats” were seen as the key barriers to CSO engagement [15]. In order to explore this issue in more depth this study interviewed MeTA members about their knowledge and experiences of engaging in policy development and multi-stakeholder platforms. The issue of gatekeepers and agenda setting as a barrier to policy engagement was most commonly raised regarding government officials and the position they hold within MeTA. Indeed, it is suggested that in countries with a less hospitable political environment to civil society, issue adoption often occurs when the issue is championed by one major player in the broader network [17].

Fix timeout for the “You may only open the close dialog every 3 seconds” notification

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• In the literature, causes of the unequal engagement of civil society are positioned as largely stemming from within civil society as opposed to external factors.
• She mentioned that the women in Bangladesh are some of the most resilient ones who have survived very hard challenges.
• However, gatekeepers can also block the entry of policy issues into the policy process; gatekeepers have “powerful demonstration effects, signalling that certain causes are important” [19].
• Power imbalances strongly influence the extent of ownership felt by actors over issues or solutions which emerge within MeTA.
• NVivo 10 software (QSR International) was used to support the analysis process.
• A careful analysis of the meta-ethical foundations of the environmental ethic found in Charles Birch and John Cobb Jr’s The Liberation of Life allows us to use Hess’s methodology to evaluate the strength of Birch and Cobb’s analogy.

Data augmentation is one of the way to generate syntactic data while meta-learning is another way to tackle this problem. A “stuck” system, that is, a family with a problem, needs new ideas in order to broaden its perspectives and its contextual premises. In this approach, a team behind a one-way screen watches and listens to an interviewer’s conversation with the family members. The interviewer, with the permission of the family, then asks the team members about their perceptions of what went on in the interview. In this article, we will first describe the way we interview the family because the interview is the source from which the reflections flow.

Gatekeepers and agenda setting

GBM analysed and interpreted the final data and was the primary contributor in writing the manuscript. CK carried out the interviews metadialog.com and contributed to the writing of the manuscript. GBM, CK and TR all contributed to the intellectual content of the manuscript.

• Analysis of data was undertaken by the research team via a staged process to ensure reliability.
• Some respondents referred to powerful individuals within MeTA having their own policy agendas and using their position to influence which positions MeTA could take.
• First of all, the loss is calculated (#2) and updating the local gradient of the temporary model (#3).
• Participants selected represented the following countries; Jordan, Peru, Kyrgyzstan, Zambia, Uganda, Philippines, Ghana.
• The model input is persona descriptions (few sentences per person), and dialogue (set of utterances), and the output is the response.
• The model evaluates the batch of data and updating the optimizer later on (i.e., step 9).

In some cases the disproportionate influence of government officials outside of MeTA was reported as influencing which conversations were conducted within MeTA. Some respondents referred to powerful individuals within MeTA having their own policy agendas and using their position to influence which positions MeTA could take. Chapter One presents an overview of the intrinsic value debate within environmental ethics. In chapter three I distinguish and dis­ cuss different environmental ethics based on anthropocentric and non-anthropocentric theories of intrinsic value.

Setup

Qian and Yu proposed domain adaptive dialog generation method based on meta-learning (DAML) which extending Mode-Agnostic Meta-Learning (MAML) (Finn et al., 2017). DAML It is trained by leveraging multiple single-domain dialog data and adapting to a new domain with only a few training examples. Ivdad Ahmed Khan Mojlish, Managing Director of LightCastle Partners moderated the discussion. The so-called “normal” permissions are granted by default when the application is installed as long as they appear in AndroidManifest.xml.

Donahue et al. do not extend MAML (Charles et al., 2017) approach while applying memory-augmented meta-learning to solve a dialogue system problem. They proposed two architectures which areMemory-augmented dialogue with dual NTMs (D-NTMS) and Single-NTM language model dialogue system (NTM-LM). Unlike a well-known dataset, our real life problem domain always only have small labeled dataset while we may not able to train a good model under this scenario.

Energy consumption and economic growth in Central America: evidence from a panel cointegration and error correction model

Ultimately, wherever political will was lacking or the private sector had a disproportionate influence on the direction of policy, civil society are disadvantaged. Power imbalances strongly influence the extent of ownership felt by actors over issues or solutions which emerge within MeTA. Actors have varying levels of power within MeTA and power imbalances were evident, particularly where civil society were underrepresented or only involved in consultative processes.